Yugoslavia & mdash; it is the largest Slavic state in southern Europe, which disappeared from the political map of the world just 15 years ago.
Where was Yugoslavia?
The state was located on the Balkan Peninsula, by the Adriatic Sea. Yugoslavia bordered:
- north & mdash; with Hungary;
- in the northwest & mdash; with Italy and Austria;
- to the east & mdash; with Romania and Bulgaria;
- in the south & mdash; with Greece;
- in the southwest & mdash; with Albania. & nbsp;
The area of Yugoslavia was 255.8 thousand square meters. mr. The largest rivers & mdash; Danube, Tisza, Sava, Drava, lakes & mdash; Skadar, Ohridskoe, Prespa.
Which republics were part of Yugoslavia?
Six republics were part of Yugoslavia:
- Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Slovenia;
- Serbia with autonomous regions (Vojvodina and Kosovo);
- Croatia;
- Montenegro;
- Macedonia.
Who lived in Yugoslavia?
Yugoslavia was multinational. According to the Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary, in 1982, 22.4 million citizens lived in the republic (Serbs, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Albanians, Hungarians, Slovenes, Romanians, Bulgarians, Bosnians, Turks, etc.).
Thanks to the cooperation between Serbian and Croatian linguists, the official language was originally Serbo-Croatian (Croatian-Serbian). After World War II, the languages of the Federated Republics were declared equal state languages, although Serbo-Croatian and Serbian enjoyed a relative advantage.
How did Yugoslavia come into being?
In the VI-VII centuries the territory of Yugoslavia was inhabited by Slavs. The first feudal states appeared in the 7th-13th centuries. In the 14th-16th centuries, Ottoman rule was established over most of the southern Slavs (after the defeat of the Serbs and Bosnians in the area of Kosovo, 1389). The Slovenes and Croats fell under the domination of the Habsburgs.
In the 19th century, the liberation and anti-feudal struggle of the Slavs intensified. In 1833, Serbia gained autonomy. After the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Serbia and Montenegro obtained their full independence. During the Balkan wars (1912-1913), the Yugoslav peoples finally freed themselves from the Turkish yoke. Under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia, liberation movements and the collapse of Austria-Hungary on December 1, 1918, the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is formed, which turns into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929.
In 1941, the state was occupied by the Nazis. Yugoslavia was divided between Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria. On the territory of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the independent puppet state of Croatia was formed, led by Ante Pavelic, who carried out massive repressions against Serbs, Jews, Roma and anti-fascists.
In the same year, a partisan struggle against the invaders began, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito. The People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia was established, which in 1944 finally liberated most of the country. On October 20, 1944, as a result of joint actions of Yugoslav troops with the Red Army, Belgrade was taken.
In November 1945, the monarchy was officially abolished and the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (RPY) was proclaimed. Initially, the country was oriented towards Moscow, but in 1948 Broz Tito's relations with Joseph Stalin deteriorated sharply. In 1949, Soviet leaders tore up the postwar Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Cooperation with Yugoslavia. In 1963, with the adoption of a new constitution, the RPFY was renamed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).
Why did the country collapse?
In the late 1980s & mdash; In the early 1990s, relations between the SFRY republics began to heat up. Among the reasons, historians cite the death of the first and only president of the SFRY and secretary general of the SKYU Central Committee Broz Tito (1980), failure due to the economic and national policy pursued by his successors, the international situation, etc.
Growing crisis in 1991, Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia announced their secession from Yugoslavia, followed by the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992. As a result, four republics declared themselves independent states .
After the collapse of the SFRY in 1992, Serbia and Montenegro continued to exist within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (since February 2003 – the state community of Serbia and Montenegro (S&M) .
Three years later (in June 2006) Yugoslavia finally ceased to exist after the Montenegrin referendum on independence from Serbia. In February 2008, independence of the so-called Republic of Kosovo from Serbia was unilaterally proclaimed.
Information sources:
How it was created and destroyed Yugoslavia & mdash; Rambler/news (rambler.ru)
Chronicle of the collapse of Yugoslavia & mdash; RIA Novosti, 03/15/2010 (ria.ru)
Yugoslavia: which states collapsed, the map is in place and after the collapse, the history of formation and division (visaapp.ru)
Federal Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia & mdash; Wikipedia (wikipedia.org)
Country from the former Yugoslavia: list of states in which it collapsed (visasam.ru)
80 years ago Yugoslavia entered into an alliance with the Nazis which Germany & # 39; mdash; Gazeta.Ru (gazeta.ru)