History The Arctic is a zone of development
Another expedition of Siberian scientists to Dog Lake on Taimyr ended in October 2021. It was supported by the Arctic Development Project Office. Experts have selected a new portion of Putorana char caviar in order to try to achieve captive fish farming. This is a continuation of the Taimyr fish culture project in aquaculture, unique in its nutritional properties, which is often called the 'healthiest fish in the world.'
“ Multi-season egg harvesting is necessary in order to diversify the genetic material of the fish spawning stock being created. It must be obtained from different fish during the period before the appearance of the first fry in aquaculture. To do this, the female char is euthanized with clove oil and fish eggs are obtained, and then the fish that has regained sanity is released alive and healthy. After that, the eggs are fertilized in the pelvis with the milk of the males. In the field, we checked the success of fertilization, observed the onset of crushing of the fertilized egg. After that, the caviar went to the Federal Center for Selection and Genetics for Fish Farming, a branch of the FGBU & bdquo; Glavrybvod & ldquo; (Ropsha settlement, Leningrad region) and LLC Maltat (Primorsky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory). If all goes according to plan, you can expect a full replacement spawner to appear in 5-7 years, when the char hits puberty. This will allow them to be reared in aquaculture without being captured in their natural habitat and without harming the environment. & # 39; & # 39; & mdash; said Expedition Leader Larisa Glushchenko, Candidate in Biological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Federal University of Siberia .
Program “ Surveillance and artificial reproduction of r. Lake Salvelinus Dogs & # 39; & # 39; financially supported by the Arctic Development Project Office (PORA). Within its framework, the employees of the SB RAS Institute of Biophysics, FGAOU VO & # 39; & # 39; Siberian Federal University & # 39; & # 39; and the Yenisei branch of the FGBU “ Glavrybvod '' This is the second time that char breeders have been caught to obtain eggs and perform artificial inseminations. From the eggs obtained in the previous expedition and incubated in the factory in Norilsk, fry had already grown, which were sent for further cultivation in Ropsha and Krasnoyarsk.
Lake Sobachye, located in the Taimyr Dolgan-Nenets district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, attracted the attention of specialists several years ago, when researchers from the Institute of Biophysics of KSC SB RAS and The Federal University of Siberia discovered an arctic char from the genus Salvelinus with a record high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from the omega 3 family (PUFA). These substances are responsible for the health of the cardiovascular and nervous system, the youth and beauty of the skin, the prevention of degenerative changes in the brain, and the prevention of obesity.
A group of scientists led by Correspondent Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prof. Mikhail Gladyshev analyzed the content of substances useful for humans in Putoranian char. It turned out that the content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in this fish is significantly higher than that of sardines and other types of marine fish, which were previously considered the most useful. However, commercial fishing of rare fish in the reserved lake is not possible. In this context, the main objective of the implemented project is the introduction of char from Lake Sobachye in aquaculture in order to obtain the possibility of commercial fish production at the unique nutritional properties.
Aquaculture & mdash; the only acceptable means of rational exploitation of the most valuable fishery resources of the oligotrophic (low-feed) arctic lakes. Commercial fishing there is inefficient (except for traditional crafts of small indigenous peoples) due to the extremely low natural food base. With the help of specialists from Glavbryvod from Norilsk, Krasnoyarsk and Ropsha, and OOO Maltat, scientists from Krasnoyarsk and Moscow will conduct research at different stages of the development of farmed char in order to understand the reasons for the content record PUFA in their biomass. and develop optimal methods to keep them in aquaculture.